Electricity can be stored directly for a short time in capacitors, somewhat longer electrochemically in, and much longer chemically (e.g. hydrogen), mechanically (e.g. pumped hydropower) or as heat. The first pumped hydroelectricity was constructed at the end of the 19th century around in Italy, Austria, and Switzerland. The technique rapidly expanded during the 196.
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Energy storage is crucial to the worldwide energy shift for power grid integration of renewable sources. Storage systems stabilize the grid with lower wind and solar intermittency. We need additional capacity to store the energy generated from wind and solar power for periods when there is less wind and sun. For instance, battery energy storage systems can balance supply and demand while absorbing surplus energy during peak. .
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